{"id":12717,"date":"2019-01-30T20:27:03","date_gmt":"2019-01-30T17:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iibsblogsstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=12717"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:38:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:38:45","slug":"decifrando-os-evangelhos-com-o-tanach-coisas-novas-e-antigas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/decifrando-os-evangelhos-com-o-tanach-coisas-novas-e-antigas\/","title":{"rendered":"Decifrando os Evangelhos com o Tanach: Coisas novas e Antigas"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026<\/em>\u00a0semelhante a um pai de fam\u00edlia que tira do seu dep\u00f3sito\u00a0coisas<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0novas e coisas velhas\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Mateus 13:52<\/p>\n

SERM\u00c3O DA MONTANHA E A POR\u00c7\u00c3O DA TORAH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesmo entre os n\u00e3o Crist\u00e3os, h\u00e1 um consenso geral de que o Serm\u00e3o da Montanha de Jesus \u00e9 o maior discurso moral j\u00e1 dado.\u00a0Mas voc\u00eas j\u00e1 pensaram na possibilidade de que o Serm\u00e3o da Montanha poderia ter sido um serm\u00e3o sobre uma por\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica da Torah \u2014provavelmente lida neste mesmo Shabbat?\u2014\u00a0A audi\u00eancia de Jesus saberia muito bem as por\u00e7\u00f5es da Tor\u00e1 e, portanto, saberia exatamente a que ele estava se referindo.<\/p>\n

O \u00faltimo vers\u00edculo de Mateus 5: “Portanto, sede vos perfeitos como perfeito \u00e9 o vosso Pai celeste”<\/i><\/em>, torna essa conex\u00e3o muito evidente.\u00a0A por\u00e7\u00e3o da Torah\u00a0Kedoshim\u2014\u201cPovo Santo\u201d<\/i><\/em>\u2014 (Lev\u00edtico 19: 1-20:27<\/a><\/u>) come\u00e7a com palavras semelhantes: \u201cSantos sereis, porque eu, o Senhor vosso Deus sou santo\u201d. <\/i><\/em>\u00c9 nesta Por\u00e7\u00e3o que encontramos palavras famosas que n\u00e3o apenas Jesus, mas muitos s\u00e1bios Judeus antes e depois Dele, consideraram como o ponto central de toda a Torah: “Ama o teu pr\u00f3ximo como a ti mesmo\u201d<\/i>.[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Certamente, essas palavras famosas foram lidas e entendidas de muitas maneiras diferentes.\u00a0Por exemplo, no par\u00e1grafo de abertura do Manual de Disciplina da seita do Mar Morto, l\u00ea-se: \u201c…odiar tudo o que Ele rejeitou\u201d.\u00a0Para Jesus, no entanto, essas palavras n\u00e3o falavam apenas sobre amar amigos ou irm\u00e3os, mas tamb\u00e9m sobre amar os inimigos, e isso \u00e9 o que encontramos em Seu\u00a0drash\u00a0<\/i>(interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o) da\u00a0Parashat Kedoshim<\/i>\u00a0(por\u00e7\u00e3o da Torah Povo Santo).\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00bfE\u00a0quem \u00e9\u00a0meu pr\u00f3ximo?\u00a0<\/i><\/h3>\n

Estas palavras \u2014”Ame ao pr\u00f3ximo como a si mesmo”<\/i>\u2014 s\u00e3o citadas em todos os evangelhos sin\u00f3pticos.\u00a0No entanto, apenas o Evangelho de Lucas tem a famosa par\u00e1bola do Bom Samaritano, onde \u00e9 abordada a pergunta \u201cQuem \u00e9 o meu pr\u00f3ximo?\u201d\u00a0O que foi t\u00e3o perturbador na interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o de Jesus do pr\u00f3ximo de algu\u00e9m?<\/p>\n

O epis\u00f3dio come\u00e7a com um \u201cadvogado\u201d perguntando a Jesus como herdar a vida eterna.\u00a0De um modo Judaico tradicional, Jesus responde com uma pergunta: \u201cO que est\u00e1 escrito na lei?\u201d O advogado cita versos da Torah conhecidos por todos os Judeus de seu tempo \u2014Deuteron\u00f4mio 6: 5<\/a><\/u>: \u201cAmar\u00e1s o\u00a0\u00a0Senhor\u00a0\u00a0teu Deus com todo o seu cora\u00e7\u00e3o, com toda a sua alma e com todas as suas for\u00e7as<\/em>\u201d e\u00a0Lev\u00edtico 19:18<\/a><\/u>\u00a0: \u201camar\u00e1s o teu pr\u00f3ximo como a ti mesmo: Eu sou o\u00a0\u00a0Senhor\u201d<\/em>\u2014\u00a0.\u00a0Esses versos j\u00e1 haviam sido associados no pensamento Judaico e, de fato, haviam sido considerados o fundamento de toda a Torah;\u00a0ent\u00e3o, a essa altura, observamos apenas a continuidade entre as alian\u00e7as.<\/p>\n

Mas a conversa n\u00e3o parou por a\u00ed \u2014o di\u00e1logo continua e a famosa par\u00e1bola segue\u2014.\u00a0A novidade e o choque dessa par\u00e1bola podem escapar a um leitor n\u00e3o-Judeu, mas \u00e9 importante entender que todo Judeu pertencia a um dos tr\u00eas grupos: sacerdotes descendentes de Aar\u00e3o;\u00a0Levitas, descendentes de outros filhos de Levi, e Israelitas, descendentes de outros filhos de Jac\u00f3.\u00a0Depois de mencionar um sacerdote e um Levita nessa hist\u00f3ria, um Judeu do primeiro s\u00e9culo esperaria a men\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m do terceiro grupo \u2014um Israelita\u2014.<\/p>\n

No entanto, a terceira pessoa na par\u00e1bola n\u00e3o \u00e9 o Israelita esperado, mas um Samaritano inesperado \u2014o inimigo dos Judeus\u2014.\u00a0As tens\u00f5es entre os Judeus e os Samaritanos foram particularmente fortes nas primeiras d\u00e9cadas do s\u00e9culo I, portanto, n\u00e3o apenas o aparecimento\u00a0 desse Samaritano \u00e9 absolutamente not\u00e1vel, mas tamb\u00e9m o fato de que esse Samaritano prova ser um pr\u00f3ximo, enquanto o sacerdote e o Levita falham, desafia diretamente a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o Judaica contempor\u00e2nea da palavra \u201cpr\u00f3ximo\u201d.\u00a0A interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o de Jesus do termo \u201cpr\u00f3ximo\u201d teria soado absolutamente chocante para seu p\u00fablico Judeu \u2014assim, n\u00e3o apenas a continuidade, mas tamb\u00e9m a novidade do Novo Testamento, \u00e9 evidente aqui\u2014.<\/p>\n

\u201cDAR A OUTRA FACE\u201d \u00c9 UM VALOR JUDAICO?<\/strong><\/p>\n

As palavras de Jesus sobre \u201ca outra face\u201d continuam entre suas frases mais famosas:\u00a0\u201cMas a qualquer que te ferir na face direita, volta-lhe tamb\u00e9m a outra\u201d<\/i>.<\/em>[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u00c0 primeira vista, parece aqui que Jesus aboliu completamente o princ\u00edpio de \u201cpagar na mesma moeda\u201d que encontramos na Torah.\u00a0No entanto, voc\u00eas podem se surpreender ao saber que a pr\u00f3pria ideia de “dar a outra face” vem da B\u00edblia Hebraica: no livro de Lamenta\u00e7\u00f5es, lemos: “D\u00ea a face ao que te fere<\/i>\u201d<\/i>.<\/em>[4]<\/a> Ent\u00e3o \u201cdar a outra face\u201d \u00e9 um valor Judaico?<\/p>\n

Em nossa busca por uma resposta, vamos nos voltar para a Torah.\u00a0Em N\u00fameros 35, lemos sobre as cidades de ref\u00fagio, cujo estabelecimento \u00e9 ordenado aqui por Deus: \u201cdesignareis cidades para serem cidades de ref\u00fagio para ti, para que o homicida que matar qualquer pessoa acidentalmente possa fugir para l\u00e1\u201d. <\/em>A raz\u00e3o pela qual uma pessoa que corresponde a essa defini\u00e7\u00e3o precisa de prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o medo da vingan\u00e7a do sangue por um parente da pessoa morta.\u00a0Se reconhecermos que o prop\u00f3sito original desta legisla\u00e7\u00e3o era provavelmente limitar a quantidade de vingan\u00e7a por um delito e limitar tamb\u00e9m a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o da vingan\u00e7a, surpreendentemente, poder\u00edamos encontrar o mesmo prop\u00f3sito por tr\u00e1s do que parece ser uma anula\u00e7\u00e3o formal.\u00a0Assim, encontramos um paralelo inesperado entre o pr\u00f3prio conceito das cidades de ref\u00fagio e \u201ca outra face\u201d de Jesus: \u201cn\u00e3o revide, n\u00e3o vingue\u201d \u2014esta \u00e9 a mensagem em ambos os casos\u2014.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As abordagens que voc\u00eas leem nessas p\u00e1ginas s\u00e3o t\u00edpicas do que compartilhamos com nossos alunos durante as aulas do DHB (<\/em>Discovering\u00a0the Hebrew Bible:Descobrindo a B\u00edblia Hebraica) ou JBNT (Jewish Background of the NT: Antecedentes Judaicos do NT) ou da ETA (Weekly Torah Portion:Por\u00e7\u00e3o Semanal da Tor\u00e1).\u00a0Se esses artigos despertarem seu apetite por descobrir os tesouros ocultos da B\u00edblia Hebraica, ou estudar em profundidade a Parashat Shavua, juntamente com os insights do Novo Testamento<\/em>,\u00a0\u00a0ou aprender mais sobre o\u00a0contexto\u00a0Judaico do Novo Testamento, eu ficaria feliz em fornecer mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es (e tamb\u00e9m desconto de professor para novos alunos) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos nossos maravilhosos cursos\u00a0<\/em>(juliab@eteachergroup.com<\/a><\/u>)<\/p>\n

Se voc\u00eas gostam dos artigos deste blog, voc\u00eas tamb\u00e9m podem gostar de meus livros <\/em>\u2014voc\u00eas podem acess\u00e1-los na minha p\u00e1gina<\/em>\u2014: \u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/blog\/author\/juliablum\/\u00a0<\/a><\/u>.\u00a0Eu tamb\u00e9m quero que voc\u00eas saibam que\u00a0estou preparando um livro com todos esses insights Hebraicos sobre a Torah e sobre o Novo Testamento, que espero que seja publicado e esteja dispon\u00edvel em breve.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Lev\u00edtico 19:18<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Lucas 10:29<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Mateus 5:39<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Lamenta\u00e7\u00f5es 3:30<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u201c\u2026\u00a0semelhante a um pai de fam\u00edlia que tira do seu dep\u00f3sito\u00a0coisas\u00a0\u00a0novas e coisas velhas\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mateus 13:52 SERM\u00c3O DA MONTANHA E A POR\u00c7\u00c3O DA TORAH Mesmo entre os n\u00e3o Crist\u00e3os, h\u00e1 um consenso geral de que o Serm\u00e3o da Montanha de Jesus \u00e9 o maior discurso moral j\u00e1 dado.\u00a0Mas voc\u00eas j\u00e1 pensaram na possibilidade […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":12712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDecifrando os Evangelhos com o Tanach: Coisas novas e Antigas - 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