{"id":12726,"date":"2019-02-06T20:47:14","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T17:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iibsblogsstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=12726"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:38:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:38:45","slug":"decifrando-os-evangelhos-com-o-tanach-coisas-novas-e-antigas-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/decifrando-os-evangelhos-com-o-tanach-coisas-novas-e-antigas-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Decifrando os Evangelhos com o Tanach: Coisas Novas e Antigas (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c<\/i><\/em>\u2026semelhante a um pai de fam\u00edlia que tira do seu dep\u00f3sito coisas<\/em> novas e coisas velhas“.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Mateus 13:52<\/p>\n

Continuamos nossa jornada atrav\u00e9s dos Evangelhos.\u00a0Nosso objetivo aqui \u00e9 mostrar o quanto pode ser tirado do Novo Testamento, quando \u00e9 compreendido atrav\u00e9s do Tanach.<\/p>\n

JESUS \u200b\u200bE O SHABBAT<\/strong><\/p>\n

“\u2026E eles questionaram Jesus, perguntando: \u00c9 l\u00edcito curar no s\u00e1bado?<\/i>“[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Existe uma disputa bem conhecida a respeito de Jesus manter \u2014ou violar\u2014 o Shabbat.\u00a0Muito j\u00e1 foi dito e escrito sobre esse assunto.\u00a0No entanto, ainda hoje, como voc\u00eas est\u00e3o lendo sobre a cura Jesus no Shabbat e sentindo essa crise quase palp\u00e1vel entre Ele e aqueles que \u201cestavam observando a Jesus para ver se o curaria em dia de s\u00e1bado, a fim de O acusarem<\/i>,\u201d[2]<\/a>\u00a0voc\u00eas ainda est\u00e3o se perguntando se, de fato, Jesus violou o Shabbat?<\/p>\n

Primeiro, temos que deixar claro qual a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de violar o Shabbat que temos em mente.\u00a0Na\u00a0halakhah<\/i>,\u00a0Judaica de\u00a0hoje, o tratamento de problemas m\u00e9dicos menores e n\u00e3o fatais no Shabbat \u00e9 proibido, mas salvar vidas no Shabbat n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas permitido, mas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 um dever.\u00a0No entanto, embora a viola\u00e7\u00e3o do Shabbat para a cura que salva vidas seja uma pr\u00e1tica aceita hoje, no primeiro s\u00e9culo esse princ\u00edpio provavelmente ainda n\u00e3o estava claramente definido.\u00a0\u00c9 por isso que \u201co chefe da sinagoga<\/i>\u201d ficou\u00a0indignado porque Jesus havia curado no s\u00e1bado<\/i>\u201d.[3]<\/a> Nesse sentido, o testemunho dos Evangelhos \u00e9 significativo: pela primeira vez, vemos aqui o Rabino Judeu Yeshua permitindo a cura no Shabbat.<\/p>\n

\u00c9 claro que Jesus n\u00e3o violou um mandamento dado por Deus.\u00a0No entanto, Ele violou uma tradi\u00e7\u00e3o contempor\u00e2nea de manter o Shabbat a qualquer custo.\u00a0Os evangelhos s\u00e3o a \u00fanica fonte do primeiro s\u00e9culo que temos, onde a cura \u00e9 permitida e realizada no Shabbat.\u00a0Jesus defende \u2014talvez at\u00e9 mesmo estabelece\u2014 a mesma abordagem que mais tarde, levemente modificada, se tornar\u00e1 normativa no Juda\u00edsmo Rab\u00ednico.\u00a0Quanto mais sabemos sobre o Juda\u00edsmo, mais interessante se torna essa din\u00e2mica entre o ensino de Jesus e o Juda\u00edsmo do primeiro s\u00e9culo.<\/p>\n

BEIT SHAMMAI E BEIT HILLEL\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

“E houve dissens\u00e3o entre eles<\/i>“.[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Como acabamos de ver, quando Jesus estava curando no Shabbat, quase sempre havia conflito entre Ele e as pessoas ao seu redor.\u00a0No entanto, as pessoas ao redor nem sempre eram un\u00e2nimes.\u00a0Em Jo\u00e3o 9, depois que\u00a0Jesus fez lama<\/em>\u00a0e curou o cego no Shabbat, enquanto \u201calguns disseram: Este homem n\u00e3o \u00e9 de Deus, pois ele n\u00e3o observa o Shabbat\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0Outros diziam: \u201ccomo pode um homem que \u00e9 pecador, executar tais sinais?\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Quem eram esses dois grupos?<\/p>\n

Primeiro de tudo, precisamos entender que, neste exemplo em particular, Jesus quebrou de v\u00e1rias maneiras os regulamentos tradicionais do Shabbat Judaico de seu tempo.\u00a0Al\u00e9m de curar no Shabbat, que era considerado uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o das leis do trabalho do Shabbat (a menos que fosse situa\u00e7\u00e3o de vida ou morte), Jesus amassou o barro com sua saliva para fazer lama (barro) \u2014e amassar e construir estavam entre as trinta e nove classes de trabalho proibidas no Shabbat\u2014, por isso Ele\u00a0quebrou<\/strong> a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

No entanto, vemos aqui duas posi\u00e7\u00f5es completamente diferentes em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Sua cura.\u00a0Essa divis\u00e3o provavelmente reflete a diferen\u00e7a entre as posi\u00e7\u00f5es das escolas de Shammai e Hillel.\u00a0A escola de Shammai era muito mais r\u00edgida e baseava seus julgamentos apenas em princ\u00edpios teol\u00f3gicos (\u201cele violou a lei, portanto \u00e9 um pecador\u201d);\u00a0enquanto a escola de Hillel tamb\u00e9m considerava o resultado (\u201cele fez uma coisa boa\u201d).<\/p>\n

Hillel e Shammai, dois importantes s\u00e1bios do in\u00edcio da era, fundaram duas escolas opostas de pensamento Judaico.\u00a0Os debates entre essas escolas foram essenciais na forma\u00e7\u00e3o do Juda\u00edsmo.\u00a0Jesus era um membro integrante da cultura em que ele vivia \u2014ele influenciou e foi influenciado por ela\u2014;\u00a0portanto muitos estudiosos acreditam que a influ\u00eancia dessa divis\u00e3o entre Hillel e Shammai, tamb\u00e9m pode ser encontrada no NT.<\/p>\n

JESUS \u200b\u200bDECLAROU TODOS OS ALIMENTOS KOSHER?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Em Lev\u00edtico, Deus ordena as leis da kashrut, distinguindo entre animais puros e impuros.\u00a0A maioria dos Crist\u00e3os acredita que Jesus revoga essas leis e, assim, declara toda a comida limpa.\u00a0Em particular, a famosa frase de Jesus: \u201cNada\u00a0 h\u00e1, fora do homem, que entrando nele, o possa contaminar\u201d,\u00a0<\/em>no cap\u00edtulo 7 do Evangelho de Marcos,\u00a0<\/em>muitas vezes foi entendida como a completa aboli\u00e7\u00e3o de qualquer distin\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u201centre os seres vivos que podem ser comidos e os seres vivos que n\u00e3o podem ser comidos<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0Foi, de fato, o significado das palavras de Jesus?\u00a0Jesus realmente declarou o porco kosher?<\/p>\n

Se lermos todo o cap\u00edtulo 7 do Evangelho de Marcos, veremos aqui que todo o debate entre os Fariseus e Jesus n\u00e3o diz respeito a animais puros e impuros. O debate \u00e9 sobre pureza ritual, conforme ensinado pela tradi\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a lavar as m\u00e3os.\u00a0Os Fariseus e os escribas perguntaram a ele: \u201cPor que os teus disc\u00edpulos n\u00e3o vivem segundo a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o dos antigos, mas\u00a0comem com as m\u00e3os impuras?\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Isso significa duas coisas: primeiro, a quest\u00e3o aqui n\u00e3o \u00e9 observar a Torah (\u201cLei\u201d), mas observar a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o (Torah oral);\u00a0segundo, Jesus n\u00e3o est\u00e1 abordando a quest\u00e3o do que pode ser comido, Ele est\u00e1 falando sobre se algu\u00e9m pode comer sem uma lavagem ritual das m\u00e3os.\u00a0N\u00e3o h\u00e1 a menor sugest\u00e3o aqui de que os alimentos<\/i>\u00a0em discuss\u00e3o possa ser outra coisa sen\u00e3o o que a B\u00edblia permite que os Judeus comam \u2014alimentos\u00a0kosher<\/i>\u2014.\u00a0Em outras palavras, Jesus declarou limpos todos os alimentos que foram dados e permitidos por Deus, independentemente da lavagem ritual das m\u00e3os.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As abordagensque voc\u00eas leem nessas p\u00e1ginas s\u00e3o t\u00edpicas do que compartilhamos com nossos alunos durante as aulas do DHB (Discovering\u00a0the Hebrew Bible: Descobrindo a B\u00edblia Hebraica) ou JBNT (Jewish Background of the NT: Antecedentes Judaicos do NT) ou da ETA (Weekly Torah Portion: Por\u00e7\u00e3o Semanal da Tor\u00e1).\u00a0Se esses artigos despertarem seu interesse por descobrir os tesouros ocultos da B\u00edblia Hebraica, ou estudar em profundidade a Parashat Shavua, juntamente com os insights do Novo Testamento<\/em>,\u00a0ou aprender mais sobre o\u00a0contexto\u00a0Judaico do Novo Testamento, eu ficaria feliz em fornecer mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es (e tamb\u00e9m desconto de professor para novos alunos) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos nossos maravilhosos cursos\u00a0<\/em>(juliab@eteachergroup.com<\/a><\/u>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Se voc\u00eas gostam dos artigos deste blog, voc\u00eas tamb\u00e9m podem gostar de meus livros, voc\u00eas podem acess\u00e1-los na minha p\u00e1gina: <\/i>https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/blog\/author\/juliablum\/\u00a0<\/a><\/u>. Eu tamb\u00e9m quero que voc\u00eas saibam que o meu livro com todos esses insights Hebraicos sobre a Torah e sobre o Novo Testamento, est\u00e1 quase pronto e ser\u00e1 publicado e disponibilizado em breve.<\/i><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Mateus 12:10<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Marcos 3:1-6<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Lucas 13:14<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Jo\u00e3o 9:16<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u2026semelhante a um pai de fam\u00edlia que tira do seu dep\u00f3sito coisas novas e coisas velhas“. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mateus 13:52 Continuamos nossa jornada atrav\u00e9s dos Evangelhos.\u00a0Nosso objetivo aqui \u00e9 mostrar o quanto pode ser tirado do Novo Testamento, quando \u00e9 compreendido atrav\u00e9s do Tanach. JESUS \u200b\u200bE O SHABBAT “\u2026E eles questionaram Jesus, perguntando: \u00c9 l\u00edcito curar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":12723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDecifrando os Evangelhos com o Tanach: Coisas Novas e Antigas (2) - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201c\u2026semelhante a um pai de fam\u00edlia que tira do seu dep\u00f3sito coisas novas e coisas velhas".\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/decifrando-os-evangelhos-com-o-tanach-coisas-novas-e-antigas-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decifrando os Evangelhos com o Tanach: Coisas Novas e Antigas (2) - 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