{"id":13071,"date":"2019-09-26T09:32:02","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T06:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iibsblogsstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=13071"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:38:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:38:36","slug":"rosh-hashana-entre-o-passado-e-o-futuro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/rosh-hashana-entre-o-passado-e-o-futuro\/","title":{"rendered":"ROSH HASHAN\u00c1: ENTRE O PASSADO E O FUTURO"},"content":{"rendered":"

O contexto b\u00edblico<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>\u00e9 uma celebra\u00e7\u00e3o de dois dias, que come\u00e7a no primeiro dia do m\u00eas Judeu Tishrei\u00a0<\/i>(geralmente caindo em setembro). \u00abRosh\u00bb \u00e9 a palavra Hebraica para \u00abcabe\u00e7a\u00bb, \u00abha\u00bb \u00e9 o artigo definido \u00abo\u00bb, e \u00abshan\u00e1\u00bb significa \u00abano\u00bb. Assim (\u05e8\u05b9\u05d0\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4\u200e; Rosh Hashan\u00e1)<\/i>\u00a0,\u00a0significa Cabe\u00e7a [do] Ano<\/em>, referindo-se ao ano novo Judaico (a prop\u00f3sito, um de quatro \u00abanos novos\u00bb em Israel).<\/p>\n

No entanto, o termo Rosh Hashan\u00e1<\/em>\u00a0em seu significado atual n\u00e3o aparece na Tor\u00e1. O nome b\u00edblico Hebraico para este feriado \u00e9 \u00a0(\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05ea\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e2\u05b8\u05d4\u200e; Yom Teru\u00e1<\/em>), literalmente \u00abdia [de] gritar\/soprar\u00bb, traduzido como a Festa das Trombetas. No calend\u00e1rio sagrado b\u00edblico, o dia 1\u00ba de Tishrei<\/i>, a Festa das Trombetas, termina o longo espa\u00e7o \u2014o per\u00edodo prolongado de sil\u00eancio\u2014 ap\u00f3s a Festa das Semanas, Shavuot<\/i>. Lev\u00edtico 23:24 refere-se ao festival do primeiro dia do s\u00e9timo m\u00eas como Zikhr\u00f3n Teru’\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>([um] memorial [de] sopro [de trombetas]); tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 referido como (\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea \u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9\u05df:\u00a0shabb\u00e1t shabbat\u00f3n<\/em>) e um \u00abdia santificado a Deus\u00bb. N\u00fameros 29:1 chama o festival Yom Teru’\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>(\u00abDia [de] soprar [a Trombeta]\u00bb), e especifica diferentes sacrif\u00edcios que deveriam ser realizados.<\/p>\n

O \u00abtoque de trombetas\u00bb foi uma grande institui\u00e7\u00e3o em Israel, e foi usado para:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Convoca\u00e7\u00e3o de assembleias solenes especiais;<\/li>\n
  2. A dispers\u00e3o e deslocamentos do acampamento;<\/li>\n
  3. Som de alarme em tempo de perigo;<\/li>\n
  4. Em luas novas e em grandes festivais as trombetas deviam ser sopradas \u00absobre suas ofertas queimadas, e sobre seus sacrif\u00edcios de ofertas da paz… para um memorial diante de seu Deus\u00bb.[1]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Como eu mencionei, Lev\u00edtico 23:24 refere-se a este festival como\u00a0<\/b>Zikhr\u00f3n Teru’\u00e1 <\/i><\/b><\/em>([um] memorial [de] sopro [de trombetas<\/b>])<\/strong>. Esta palavra \u00ab<\/em>memorial\u00bb \u2014Zikhr\u00f3n<\/i>\u2014 <\/em>parece ser especialmente significativa aqui. Ponderemos juntos o seu significado. Em primeiro lugar, sem d\u00favida, havia um certo significado retrospectivo e comemorativo neste sopro de shof\u00e1r<\/em>, lembrando Israel da rela\u00e7\u00e3o de alian\u00e7a em que Deus tinha entrado com eles no Sinai: talvez nem todos os meus leitores estejam cientes do fato de que a primeira men\u00e7\u00e3o da trombeta na Tor\u00e1, est\u00e1 ligada aos acontecimentos do Sinai: \u00abe o clangor da trombeta ia aumentando cada vez mais; Mois\u00e9s falava, e Deus lhe respondia no trov\u00e3o<\/i>\u00bb.[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

    No entanto, o ponto importante para n\u00e3o ser perdido \u00e9 que o termo \u00abmemorial\u00bb refere-se n\u00e3o s\u00f3 ao passado. \u00abEm Lev\u00edtico, o termo \u201cmemorial\u201d… deve ser dado a \u201cuma lembran\u00e7a\u201d de algo presente, ou de algo perto, ao inv\u00e9s de \u201cmemorial,\u00a0 que sugere o passado… A palavra pode em outras associa\u00e7\u00f5es chamar a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para o passado, mas… seu sentido mais usual \u00e9 chamar a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para as coisas que v\u00eam e ainda n\u00e3o chegaram realmente\u00bb.[3]<\/a>\u00a0A Festa das Trombetas n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas a comemora\u00e7\u00e3o, mas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 uma festa prof\u00e9tica, chamando a aten\u00e7\u00e3o para as coisas que est\u00e3o chegando e ainda n\u00e3o chegaram realmente.<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Rosh HaShan\u00e1 no Juda\u00edsmo<\/strong><\/p>\n

    O mesmo significado duplo \u2014referindo-se tanto ao passado como ao futuro\u2014 \u00e9 encontrado \u00a0no Juda\u00edsmo. Aqui, o primeiro dia de Tishrei\u00a0<\/i>\u00e9 considerado o anivers\u00e1rio da cria\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014para ser mais espec\u00edfica\u2014, o anivers\u00e1rio do sexto dia da cria\u00e7\u00e3o, quando Ad\u00e3o e Eva foram criados. O anivers\u00e1rio do primeiro dia da cria\u00e7\u00e3o seria cinco dias antes, no vig\u00e9simo quinto dia de Elul; no entanto, de acordo com a compreens\u00e3o Judaica, \u00e9 s\u00f3 quando o homem foi criado que toda a cria\u00e7\u00e3o tornou-se significativa. \u00abTudo foi criado mais cedo, mas nada \u00a0foi digno de ser chamado at\u00e9 o in\u00edcio da obra de Deus at\u00e9 que o homem abrisse os olhos para v\u00ea-la, sua mente para compreend\u00ea-la, seu cora\u00e7\u00e3o para gui\u00e1-la\u00bb.[4]<\/a> De acordo com a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o rab\u00ednica, o nascimento da humanidade acrescentou ao universo a possibilidade de Deus ser proclamado Rei.<\/p>\n

    Assim, a Festa das Trombetas \u00e9 voltada tamb\u00e9m para o futuro: \u00e9 o primeiro dos Dias Santos Judaicos (\u05d9\u05b8\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd\u200e\u00a0Yam\u00edm Nora’\u00edm<\/em>,\u00a0literalmente \u00abDias [de] Temor\u00bb) especificado por Lev\u00edtico 23:23-32. De acordo com o tratado do Talmud em Rosh Hashan\u00e1<\/em>, tr\u00eas livros s\u00e3o abertos neste dia: o Livro da Vida, para os justos, o Livro da Morte, para os mais perversos , que recebem o selo da morte, e um terceiro livro, para uma classe intermedi\u00e1ria. Para a classe interm\u00e9dia \u00e9 permitido um per\u00edodo de dez dias, at\u00e9 o Yom Kipp\u00far<\/em>, para refletir e se arrepender \u2014o julgamento final n\u00e3o ocorrendo at\u00e9 o Yom Kipp\u00far<\/em>\u2014: A soberania de Deus e a realeza de Deus s\u00e3o os principais temas n\u00e3o somente do Rosh Hashan\u00e1<\/em>, mas tamb\u00e9m dos dez dias de julgamento que se iniciam. A ora\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/em>\u00abAvinu Malkeinu\u00bb (nosso Pai, nosso Rei)\u00a0 \u00e9 recitada diariamente durante estes 10 dias, de Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0<\/em>at\u00e9 o\u00a0Yom Kipp\u00far<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Portanto, para todos n\u00f3s, Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>apresenta uma oportunidade especial para celebrar com o nosso Rei e para crescer em nossos esfor\u00e7os para permanecer perto dele durante todo o ano que come\u00e7a. Sei que este \u00e9 o desejo de seus cora\u00e7\u00f5es, e agrade\u00e7o ao Senhor por cada um de voc\u00eas. Tem sido uma alegria e um privil\u00e9gio ter leitores t\u00e3o apreciadores. Assim, como o povo de Israel est\u00e1 prestes a ser mergulhado em ma\u00e7\u00e3s e mel e refei\u00e7\u00f5es festivas, em sinagogas, ora\u00e7\u00f5es e shof\u00e1rs<\/em>, eu gostaria de desejar a todos um Ano Novo muito aben\u00e7oado e doce – \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4!<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Os costumes<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Os costumes de Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>incluem frequentar servi\u00e7os na sinagoga, soar o shof\u00e1r<\/em>, e recitar a liturgia especial \u2014e claro\u2014, desfrutar de refei\u00e7\u00f5es festivas e comer alimentos simb\u00f3licos, como ma\u00e7\u00e3s mergulhadas em mel \u2014esperando e desejando a todos Shan\u00e1 Metuk\u00e1<\/i>!\u2014 \u00a0!\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4\u00a0\u00a0 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u00a0\u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u2013 Que voc\u00eas tenham um Ano Novo bom e doce!<\/p>\n

    Um dos alimentos simb\u00f3licos (dificilmente o mais atraente) que \u00e9 costume comer em Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0<\/em>\u00e9 a cabe\u00e7a de um peixe. Antes de comer a cabe\u00e7a, \u00e9 recitada a seguinte b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o: \u00abQue seja sua vontade, nosso Deus e o Deus de nossos antepassados, que sejamos como a cabe\u00e7a e n\u00e3o a cauda<\/em>\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

    O que isso significa? Por que dizemos isso? Esta b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o vem de Deuteron\u00f4mio 28:13: \u00abe o Senhor te por\u00e1 por cabe\u00e7a, e n\u00e3o por cauda, e s\u00f3 estar\u00e1s em cima e n\u00e3o em baixo, se obedeceres aos mandamentos do Senhor teu Deus, que hoje te ordeno, para os guardar e cumprir<\/em>\u00bb. <\/em><\/p>\n

    H\u00e1 interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes do significado desta b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o. De acordo com Ramban, por exemplo, a b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o refere-se ao status pol\u00edtico externo\u00a0<\/strong>da na\u00e7\u00e3o de Israel: eles \u00absempre estar\u00e3o no topo e nunca em baixo\u00bbdas outras na\u00e7\u00f5es. Por outro lado, havia rabinos que pensavam que a b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o se referia \u00e0 lideran\u00e7a dentro <\/strong>do povo de Israel.<\/p>\n

    O mais importante, no entanto, \u00e9 que esta b\u00ean\u00e7\u00e3o se refere a todos. Deus quer que transformemos a realidade, para mold\u00e1-la, em vez de nos conformarmos com ela e deixarmos que ela nos molde. O conceito de \u00abcabe\u00e7a\u00bb indica excel\u00eancia e coragem: a cabe\u00e7a caminha \u00e0 frente e conduz, enquanto a cauda apenas segue atr\u00e1s dos outros.<\/p>\n

    Assim ao iniciar o Ano Novo, que\u00a0<\/strong>possamos ser a cabe\u00e7a e n\u00e3o a cauda!<\/strong><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> David Baron, Types, Psalms and Prophecies, <\/em>Keren Ahvah Meshihit, 2000, p.49.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> \u00ca<\/span>xodo 19:19.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Dr. Andrew Bonar, Commentary on Leviticus. <\/em><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Rosh Hashanah<\/em>, ArtScroll Mesorah Series, Mesora,Publications, 1983 \u2013 p.16.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O contexto b\u00edblico Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0\u00e9 uma celebra\u00e7\u00e3o de dois dias, que come\u00e7a no primeiro dia do m\u00eas Judeu Tishrei\u00a0(geralmente caindo em setembro). \u00abRosh\u00bb \u00e9 a palavra Hebraica para \u00abcabe\u00e7a\u00bb, \u00abha\u00bb \u00e9 o artigo definido \u00abo\u00bb, e \u00abshan\u00e1\u00bb significa \u00abano\u00bb. Assim (\u05e8\u05b9\u05d0\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4\u200e; Rosh Hashan\u00e1)\u00a0,\u00a0significa Cabe\u00e7a [do] Ano, referindo-se ao ano novo Judaico (a prop\u00f3sito, um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":13068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nROSH HASHAN\u00c1: ENTRE O PASSADO E O FUTURO - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O contexto b\u00edblico Rosh Hashan\u00e1\u00a0\u00e9 uma celebra\u00e7\u00e3o de dois dias, que come\u00e7a no primeiro dia do m\u00eas Judeu Tishrei\u00a0(geralmente caindo em setembro). \u00abRosh\u00bb \u00e9 a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/rosh-hashana-entre-o-passado-e-o-futuro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ROSH HASHAN\u00c1: ENTRE O PASSADO E O FUTURO - 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