{"id":45244,"date":"2020-08-06T11:54:28","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T08:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iibsblogsstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=13504"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:38:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:38:25","slug":"comecos-a-historia-do-diluvio-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/comecos-a-historia-do-diluvio-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Come\u00e7os: A Hist\u00f3ria do Dil\u00favio (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

O vers\u00edculo enigm\u00e1tico<\/strong><\/p>\n

Finalmente, ap\u00f3s nossa longa jornada atrav\u00e9s de G\u00eanesis 4\u00a0e 5, estamos entrando na hist\u00f3ria do dil\u00favio.\u00a0No Cap\u00edtulo 6, vemos o total fracasso moral da ra\u00e7a humana.\u00a0Para muitos leitores, no entanto, o in\u00edcio deste cap\u00edtulo apresenta um dos vers\u00edculos\u00a0mais enigm\u00e1ticos da B\u00edblia:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u00abOs filhos de Deus viram que as filhas dos homens eram bonitas e escolheram para si aquelas que lhes agradaram…Naqueles dias havia nefil\u00edms<\/strong> na terra, e tamb\u00e9m posteriormente, quando os filhos de Deus possu\u00edram as filhas dos homens e elas lhes deram filhos. Eles foram os her\u00f3is do passado, homens famosos<\/em>\u00bb.<\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Surpreendentemente, algumas tradu\u00e7\u00f5es (come\u00e7ando com a B\u00edblia King James) t\u00eam aqui a palavra \u00abgigantes\u00bb, em vez denefil\u00edm<\/i>: <\/em>\u00abhavia\u00a0gigantes<\/b>\u00a0na terra naqueles dias<\/i><\/em>\u00bb.[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Como para tornar essa hist\u00f3ria ainda mais complicada, as Escrituras tamb\u00e9m mencionam nefil\u00edm<\/em>\u00a0ap\u00f3s\u00a0o dil\u00favio: na conhecida hist\u00f3ria de N\u00fameros 13,\u00a0Mois\u00e9s enviou doze espias para explorar a terra, e todos os espi\u00f5es, exceto Calebe e Josu\u00e9, trouxeram uma m\u00e1 not\u00edcia da terra que eles haviam investigado, dizendo:<\/p>\n

\u00abVimos tamb\u00e9m os gigantes, os descendentes de Enaque, diante de quem parec\u00edamos gafanhotos, a n\u00f3s e a eles<\/em>\u00bb.[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Mais uma vez,\u00a0a vers\u00e3o King James<\/a>\u00a0traduz a palavra nefil\u00edm<\/em><\/strong> aqui como \u00abgigantes<\/strong>\u00bb:<\/p>\n

\u00abL\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m vimos gigantes, os descendentes de Enaque<\/strong>, diante de quem parec\u00edamos, a n\u00f3s e a eles, gafanhotos<\/em>\u00bb.[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Por s\u00e9culos, os estudiosos da B\u00edblia t\u00eam debatido quem eram esses nefil\u00edm<\/em>\/gigantes.\u00a0Tal como acontece com muitas hist\u00f3rias nas Escrituras, esta hist\u00f3ria tamb\u00e9m ganha muito mais clareza quando lida em Hebraico.<\/p>\n

Os filhos de Deus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Primeiro, vamos tentar entender quem eram \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb.\u00a0As palavras Hebraicas traduzidas como \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb s\u00e3o\u00a0\u00a0(\u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9\u05be\u05d4\u05b8\u05bd\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd\u0599; b\u2019n\u00e9i haEloh\u00edm). <\/em>Aqui a Tor\u00e1 refere-se a anjos, ou apenas \u00abos filhos dos governantes\u00bb, ou \u00abos filhos dos nobres\u00bb, como algumas tradu\u00e7\u00f5es Judaicas traduzem\u00a0b’n\u00e9i haEloh\u00edm<\/i>?\u00a0<\/em>A \u00abinterpreta\u00e7\u00e3o angelical\u00bb (que \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb eram anjos, ou algum tipo de seres divinos) \u00e9 quase inexistente no Juda\u00edsmo: temos \u00abos filhos dos pr\u00edncipes\u00bb em\u00a0Targum\u00edm<\/i><\/em>, e \u00abos filhos dos ju\u00edzes\u00bb em\u00a0Midrash\u00ed<\/i><\/em>m.<\/em><\/a>[5]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0Muitos de voc\u00eas provavelmente sabem que o substantivo (\u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd; haEloh\u00edm<\/em>)\u00a0est\u00e1 em uma forma plural e pode ser lido n\u00e3o apenas como \u00abDeus\u00bb, mas tamb\u00e9m como \u00abdeuses\u00bb ou mesmo \u00absenhores, governantes\u00bb e \u00e9 exatamente assim que os coment\u00e1rios Judaicos escolhem ler esta palavra neste vers\u00edculo em particular.<\/p>\n

No entanto, se estudarmos o uso desta express\u00e3o \u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9\u05be\u05d4\u05b8\u05bd\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd\u0599 no\u00a0Tan\u00e1j<\/em>\u00a0(B\u00edblia Hebraica), vemos uma imagem completamente diferente.\u00a0N\u00e3o h\u00e1 coment\u00e1rios melhores para a B\u00edblia do que a pr\u00f3pria B\u00edblia e, por esse motivo, aqui compararemos nosso vers\u00edculo com outros vers\u00edculos semelhantes.<\/p>\n

A express\u00e3o \u00abfilhos de Deus\u00bb n\u00e3o ocorre muitas vezes no Tan\u00e1j<\/em>.\u00a0A pr\u00f3xima vez que encontramos esta express\u00e3o \u00e9 em\u00a0J\u00f3 1:6<\/a>\u00a0: \u00abNum dia\u00a0 em que os filhos de Deus<\/strong>\u00a0vieram apresentar-se perante o Senhor, veio tamb\u00e9m Satan\u00e1s entre eles<\/em>\u00bb. <\/em>Temos a mesma express\u00e3o novamente em\u00a0J\u00f3 2:1<\/a>: \u00abNum dia em que os filhos de Deus vieram apresentar-se perante o SENHOR, veio tamb\u00e9m Satan\u00e1s entre eles apresentar-se perante ele<\/em>\u00bb. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ningu\u00e9m questiona aqui o significado de \u00abfilhos de Deus\u00bb: esses vers\u00edculos descrevem o Conselho Divino \u2014<\/i>a reuni\u00e3o no c\u00e9u\u2014 <\/i>portanto, os \u00abfilhos de Deus\u00bb aqui obviamente n\u00e3o s\u00e3o humanos, mas anjos, que est\u00e3o se encontrando com Deus.\u00a0Observem que as palavras em Hebraico traduzidas como \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb aqui s\u00e3o exatamente as mesmas que em\u00a0G\u00eanesis 6:2<\/a>: (\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05a3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0594\u05d9\u05dd ; b\u2019n\u00e9i haEloh\u00edm<\/em>).<\/p>\n

A pr\u00f3xima (e a \u00faltima, pelo menos nesta forma exata)[6]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0refer\u00eancia aos \u00abfilhos de Deus\u00bb no Tan\u00e1j<\/i> est\u00e1 novamente no livro de J\u00f3, no cap\u00edtulo 38. Falando sobre a cria\u00e7\u00e3o do universo, Deus est\u00e1 dizendo: <\/i>\u00abEu lan\u00e7ava os fundamentos da terra\u2026 Quando as estrelas da alva juntas alegremente cantavam, e rejubilavam todos os<\/b> filhos de Deus<\/b><\/i>\u00bb.<\/em><\/a>[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

A partir desse vers\u00edculo, podemos ver claramente que os filhos de Deus existiam antes mesmo da pr\u00f3pria terra ser criada.\u00a0Isso significa que o termo: b’n\u00e9i haEloh\u00edm<\/em>\u00a0ou\u00a0b’n\u00e9i Eloh\u00edm<\/em>\u00a0no Antigo Testamento, \u00e9 de fato uma refer\u00eancia a seres angelicais.\u00a0Assim, podemos concluir que \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb em G\u00eanesis 6\u00a0se refere aos anjos.<\/p>\n

Nefil\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Agora que estabelecemos que \u00abos filhos de Deus\u00bb eram seres celestiais, podemos tentar entender a hist\u00f3ria dos\u00a0nefil\u00edm<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0O grupo de anjos em rebeli\u00e3o contra o Senhor veio \u00e0 terra e tomou mulheres humanas como esposas para ter rela\u00e7\u00f5es il\u00edcitas.\u00a0A descend\u00eancia desta uni\u00e3o \u00edmpia entre anjos e mulheres humanas foram nefil\u00edm<\/em> \u2014<\/i>gigantes\u2014<\/i>, \u00abhomens\u00bb de habilidade e for\u00e7a sobre-humanas.<\/p>\n

O fato de os nefil\u00edm<\/em> serem gigantes \u00e9 uma prova de que seus pais eram sobre-humanos.\u00a0Mas esses gigantes tamb\u00e9m eram maus.\u00a0Como sabemos disso?\u00a0\u00c9 precisamente neste ponto que o Hebraico nos ajudar\u00e1.\u00a0A palavra\u00a0nefil\u00edm<\/em> provavelmente vem da palavra \u05e0\u05e4\u05dc, queda;\u00a0um sufixo \u00abim\u00bb simplesmente adiciona pluralidade, portanto eles eram \u00abca\u00eddos\u00bb<\/strong>.\u00a0Tendo nascido de anjos sat\u00e2nicos corrompidos e ca\u00eddos, os nefil\u00edm<\/em> dominaram a terra e a encheram de viol\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

Voc\u00eas devem estar cientes de que esta \u00abinterpreta\u00e7\u00e3o angelical\u00bb n\u00e3o \u00e9 muito popular no Cristianismo moderno.\u00a0J\u00e1 mencionei que \u00e9 quase inexistente no Juda\u00edsmo moderno.\u00a0No entanto, era completamente diferente no Juda\u00edsmo do Per\u00edodo do Segundo Templo.\u00a0O Juda\u00edsmo do Per\u00edodo do Segundo Templo viu em\u00a0G\u00eanesis 6:1-4<\/a>, n\u00e3o apenas a hist\u00f3ria de uma rebeli\u00e3o sobrenatural, mas um dos vers\u00edculos mais importantes da teologia b\u00edblica.\u00a0Enquanto em G\u00eanesis ocupa apenas alguns vers\u00edculos, durante o Per\u00edodo do Segundo Templo recebe grande aten\u00e7\u00e3o, como podemos ver no I livro de Enoque, um dos textos mais importantes desse per\u00edodo.\u00a0Da pr\u00f3xima vez, tentaremos ver essa hist\u00f3ria atrav\u00e9s das lentes do Juda\u00edsmo do Per\u00edodo do Segundo Templo \u2014<\/em>e ent\u00e3o mergulharemos juntos nas \u00e1guas profundas do dil\u00favio\u2014<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> G\u00eanesis 6:2,4.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> G\u00eanesis 6:4.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> N\u00fameros 13:33.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> N\u00fameros 13:33.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> G\u00eanesis Rab\u00e1 26:5.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Em\u00a0Salmo 29:1<\/a>, temos (\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd; B\u2019n\u00e9i El\u00edm<\/i>) \u2013\u00a0filhos de el\u00edm.<\/em><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> J\u00f3 38:4,7.<\/p>\n

Os conhecimentos que voc\u00eas leem nestas p\u00e1ginas s\u00e3o t\u00edpicos do que compartilhamos com nossos alunos durante as aulas DHB (Discovering\u00a0the Hebrew Bible\/Descobrindo a B\u00edblia Hebraica) ou WTP (Weekly Torah Portion\/Por\u00e7\u00e3o Semanal da Tor\u00e1).\u00a0Se esses artigos despertam o seu interesse por descobrir os tesouros escondidos da B\u00edblia Hebraica ou por estudar em profundidade a Parash\u00e1t Shav\u00faa, juntamente com os conhecimentos do Novo Testamento,\u00a0\u00a0ficaria feliz em fornecer mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es (e tamb\u00e9m descontos de professor para os novos alunos) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos cursos da eTeache<\/i><\/span>r<\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> (juliab@eteachergroup.com<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Se voc\u00eas gostam dos artigos deste blog, tamb\u00e9m podem gostar dos meus livros, podem obt\u00ea-los\u00a0<\/em>na minha p\u00e1gina<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> No momento, oferecemos o curso WTP somente em Ingl\u00eas, enquanto o curso DHB existe tanto em Espanhol quanto em Portugu\u00eas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O vers\u00edculo enigm\u00e1tico Finalmente, ap\u00f3s nossa longa jornada atrav\u00e9s de G\u00eanesis 4\u00a0e 5, estamos entrando na hist\u00f3ria do dil\u00favio.\u00a0No Cap\u00edtulo 6, vemos o total fracasso moral da ra\u00e7a humana.\u00a0Para muitos leitores, no entanto, o in\u00edcio deste cap\u00edtulo apresenta um dos vers\u00edculos\u00a0mais enigm\u00e1ticos da B\u00edblia: \u00a0\u00abOs filhos de Deus viram que as filhas dos homens eram […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":44252,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCome\u00e7os: A Hist\u00f3ria do Dil\u00favio (1) - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O vers\u00edculo enigm\u00e1tico Finalmente, ap\u00f3s nossa longa jornada atrav\u00e9s de G\u00eanesis 4\u00a0e 5, estamos entrando na hist\u00f3ria do dil\u00favio.\u00a0No Cap\u00edtulo 6, vemos o\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/comecos-a-historia-do-diluvio-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Come\u00e7os: A Hist\u00f3ria do Dil\u00favio (1) - 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