{"id":45319,"date":"2022-02-02T20:36:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T17:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iibsblogsstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=17603"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:40:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:40:39","slug":"de-jerusalem-a-roma-a-transicao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/de-jerusalem-a-roma-a-transicao\/","title":{"rendered":"De Jerusal\u00e9m a Roma: A Transi\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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As Li\u00e7\u00f5es do Cap\u00edtulo de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Meus queridos amigos, voc\u00eas provavelmente esperam que eu v\u00e1 para Atos 15, para o conc\u00edlio de Jerusal\u00e9m, e \u00e9 claro, estaremos l\u00e1 em breve.\u00a0No entanto, gostaria de dizer mais algumas palavras sobre o Cap\u00edtulo 13;\u00a0afinal, este \u00e9 um cap\u00edtulo crucial, o cap\u00edtulo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o, abrindo a segunda \u2014\u00abat\u00e9 os confins da terra<\/i>\u00bb\u2014 parte do livro.\u00a0Lucas \u00e9 um mestre incr\u00edvel de transi\u00e7\u00f5es, e aqueles que seguem meu blog h\u00e1 algum tempo podem se lembrar deste t\u00edtulo: \u00abAs Li\u00e7\u00f5es do Cap\u00edtulo de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00bb: foi como eu intitulei nossa discuss\u00e3o do \u00faltimo cap\u00edtulo do Evangelho de Lucas.\u00a0O \u00faltimo cap\u00edtulo do Evangelho de Lucas \u2014Lucas 24\u2014 \u00e9 um cap\u00edtulo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o do primeiro para o segundo volume de seus escritos e, de fato, fornece uma excelente transi\u00e7\u00e3o do Evangelho para Atos \u2014do Messias vis\u00edvel, mas oculto, ao Messias revelado, mas invis\u00edvel\u2014.\u00a0Em meus artigos, tentei mostrar que Lucas queria que l\u00eassemos os dois volumes \u00e0 luz deste cap\u00edtulo.[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Da mesma forma, o in\u00edcio do Cap\u00edtulo 13 serve como uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o muito significativa da primeira parte do livro de Atos para a segunda.\u00a0Lembramos que a primeira parte, Cap\u00edtulos 1\u201312, descreve os eventos que ocorrem em Jerusal\u00e9m, Jud\u00e9ia e Samaria.\u00a0A partir do Cap\u00edtulo 13, o foco da narrativa de Lucas muda para Paulo e sua miss\u00e3o com os Gentios.\u00a0Mais uma vez, Lucas embala estes vers\u00edculos de transi\u00e7\u00e3o com \u00a0mensagens muito importantes, ent\u00e3o, por favor, tenham paci\u00eancia comigo enquanto desembalamos essas mensagens cruciais, a fim de ler a segunda parte \u00e0 luz dessas li\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A primeira mensagem deste cap\u00edtulo vem do \u00faltimo artigo, quando percebemos que dos cinco profetas e mestres em Antioquia listados aqui por Lucas, quatro eram definitivamente Judeus crentes em Jesus, e o \u00faltimo pode tamb\u00e9m ter sido Judeu.\u00a0Ainda mais importante \u00e9 a segunda li\u00e7\u00e3o que tamb\u00e9m come\u00e7amos a discutir da \u00faltima vez.\u00a0Pela descri\u00e7\u00e3o de Lucas, entendemos que com todas as profundas diferen\u00e7as que fez a f\u00e9 em Jesus, externamente a reuni\u00e3o e comunh\u00e3o da igreja primitiva n\u00e3o era diferente de uma sinagoga.\u00a0A atividade dos profetas, o jejum, a leitura das Escrituras, todos esses detalhes, sem d\u00favida, nos conectam \u00e0 Tor\u00e1.\u00a0No entanto, h\u00e1 outra alus\u00e3o importante \u00e0 Tor\u00e1 na descri\u00e7\u00e3o de Lucas da comunidade de Antioquia que ainda n\u00e3o discutimos e esta \u00e9 a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os \u00e9 chamada\u00a0smij\u00e1<\/i>\u00a0em Hebraico, a mesma palavra usada para impor as m\u00e3os nos sacrif\u00edcios.\u00a0No\u00a0Tan\u00e1j<\/i>, os sacerdotes praticavam\u00a0a\u00a0smij\u00e1,\u00a0<\/i>impondo as m\u00e3os sobre os sacrif\u00edcios antes de oferec\u00ea-los a Deus.\u00a0Esta imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os era uma parte essencial dos sacrif\u00edcios do Templo, mas em algum momento, tornou-se uma parte essencial da separa\u00e7\u00e3o e autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o para o dever religioso tamb\u00e9m.\u00a0\u00abA imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os como autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o para deveres religiosos pode ecoar\u00a0N\u00fameros 8:11-12<\/u>, onde tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 presente o motivo da separa\u00e7\u00e3o para a obra do Senhor<\/em>\u00bb.[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Por volta do s\u00e9culo 1\u00a0d.C., a\u00a0smij\u00e1\u00a0<\/i>era um ritual reconhecido de transmiss\u00e3o de autoridade.\u00a0A imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os \u00e9 uma cerim\u00f4nia muito significativa na tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Judaica at\u00e9 hoje.\u00a0Os pais Judeus aben\u00e7oam seus filhos colocando as m\u00e3os na cabe\u00e7a da crian\u00e7a.\u00a0Quando a ideia remonta a Deuteron\u00f4mio, onde lemos sobre Josu\u00e9 sendo cheio do Esp\u00edrito porque Mois\u00e9s imp\u00f4s as m\u00e3os sobre ele: \u00abJosu\u00e9, filho de Num, estava cheio do esp\u00edrito de sabedoria, porquanto Mois\u00e9s havia posto sobre eles as \u00a0suas \u00a0m\u00e3os<\/i>\u00bb.[3]<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Acredita-se que atrav\u00e9s\u00a0da smij\u00e1,<\/i>\u00a0\u00aba presen\u00e7a de Deus pode aparecer<\/i>\u00bb.\u00a0Por qu\u00ea?\u00a0Em Lev\u00edtico, Mois\u00e9s diz a Ar\u00e3o: \u00abEsta coisa que o Senhor ordenou fareis: e a gl\u00f3ria do Senhor vos aparecer\u00e1<\/i>\u00bb.<\/i>[4]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0No entanto, a Tor\u00e1 n\u00e3o diz que \u00abcoisa\u00bb Mois\u00e9s tinha em mente, ent\u00e3o alguns comentaristas Judeus explicam: \u00ab\u00c9 a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3os<\/i>\u00bb.\u00a0Portanto, quando os crentes em Antioquia impuseram as m\u00e3os sobre Paulo e Barnab\u00e9, \u00a0pediram a Deus que manifestasse sua presen\u00e7a, que os enchesse com seu esp\u00edrito e transmitisse autoridade de maneira que era uma cerim\u00f4nia familiar e reconhecida.<\/p>\n

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Esta \u00e9 outra mensagem que Lucas quer que nos lembremos enquanto lemos a segunda parte do livro: os primeiros crentes em Jesus eram parte do povo de Deus, parte de Israel e eles viviam em um contexto definido pela \u00a0devo\u00e7\u00e3o Judaica vigente e Escrituras Judaicas!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Torto e reto<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ser\u00e1 preciso nosso pr\u00f3ximo exemplo para perceber o quanto os caminhos de Deus e os caminhos de Israel pareciam quase sin\u00f4nimos para os primeiros crentes.\u00a0Depois que Paulo e Barnab\u00e9 s\u00e3o enviados de Antioquia, eles viajam para a cidade de Pafos, em Chipre, onde o proc\u00f4nsul Romano est\u00e1 disposto a ouvi-los.\u00a0No entanto, algu\u00e9m de nome Elimas, descrito como falso profeta e feiticeiro, se op\u00f5e a eles, \u00abfazendo o poss\u00edvel para afastar o governador da f\u00e9<\/i>\u00bb.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ent\u00e3o\u00a0Sha\u00fal<\/i>, tamb\u00e9m conhecido como Paulo, cheio do\u00a0R\u00faaj HaK\u00f3desh<\/i>, olhou diretamente para ele e disse: \u00ab\u00d3 filho do diabo, cheio de todo engano e de toda mal\u00edcia, inimigo de toda justi\u00e7a, n\u00e3o cessar\u00e1s de\u00a0perverter os retos caminhos do<\/b>\u00a0Senhor?<\/b><\/i>\u00bb.[5]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Optei por usar esta tradu\u00e7\u00e3o aqui (B\u00edblia Judaica Completa), pois ela traduz o texto Grego exatamente com as mesmas palavras que precisamos para descompactar a mensagem de Lucas.\u00a0Paulo poderia ter dito mil coisas diferentes para Elimas: Voc\u00ea nunca vai parar de fazer suas m\u00e1s a\u00e7\u00f5es?\u00a0Voc\u00ea nunca vai parar de se opor a Deus?\u00a0Voc\u00ea nunca vai parar de resistir \u00e0 verdadeira f\u00e9?, ent\u00e3o, por que ele usou essa frase peculiar sobre torto e reto?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Para responder a essa pergunta e ver a mensagem escondida por Lucas nesta hist\u00f3ria, gostaria de lembrar que o nome b\u00edblico para os descendentes de Abra\u00e3o, Isaque e Jac\u00f3 \u00e9 Israel: s\u00e3o filhos de Jac\u00f3, que recebeu o nome de\u00a0\u00abIsrael\u00bb depois de ter lutado com o homem misterioso em Penuel.\u00a0\u00abO homem\u00bb que lutou com Jac\u00f3 o aben\u00e7oou e, ao aben\u00e7o\u00e1-lo, mudou seu nome para Israel.\u00a0Ele disse: \u00abJ\u00e1 n\u00e3o te chamar\u00e1s Jac\u00f3, e, sim, Israel: \u201cpois como pr\u00edncipe lutaste com Deus e com os homens, e prevaleceste<\/i>\u00bb.[6]<\/a> <\/strong>\u00a0Portanto, acredita-se amplamente que a palavra \u00abIsrael\u00bb vem da palavra Hebraica\u00a0\u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>,<\/i>\u00a0que no Hebraico b\u00edblico significa \u00ablutar\u00bb, \u00abexercer influ\u00eancia\u00bb, \u00abprevalecer\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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H\u00e1, no entanto, uma maneira adicional de interpretar esse nome, e acredito que o discurso de Paulo em Atos 13\u00a0\u00e9 uma clara alus\u00e3o a essa maneira.\u00a0Em Hebraico, o nome Israel pode ser lido como (\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8-\u05d0\u05dc;\u00a0Yash\u00e1r-\u00c9l<\/i>). A palavra Hebraica (\u05d9\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e8;\u00a0Yash\u00e1r<\/i>) significa \u00abreto\u00bb, \u00abhonesto\u00bb, \u00abhonrado\u00bb, \u00abcumpridor da lei\u00bb;\u00a0no uso b\u00edblico, tamb\u00e9m significa uma \u00abpessoa justa e temente a Deus\u00bb.\u00a0A raiz \u05e2\u05b8\u05e7\u05b9\u05d1\u0599, por outro lado (a raiz do nome\u00a0Ya’ac\u00f3v<\/i>) tamb\u00e9m pode significar \u00abtorto\u00bb, como no vers\u00edculo: \u00abo torto\u00a0<\/i><\/b>(<\/i>\u05d4\u05b6\u05bd\u05e2\u05b8\u05e7\u05b9\u05d1\u0599) deve ser\u00a0endireitado<\/b><\/i>\u00bb.[7]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00c9 exatamente isso que significa essa transi\u00e7\u00e3o de Jac\u00f3 para Israel: Deus endireitou o torto!<\/p>\n

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Agora podemos entender a escolha de palavras de Paulo.\u00a0\u00abSeu comportamento \u00e9 o oposto da pr\u00f3pria defini\u00e7\u00e3o de Israel<\/i>\u00bb, \u00e9 de fato, a ess\u00eancia do que Paulo diz a Elimas.\u00a0Esta \u00e9 a nossa terceira li\u00e7\u00e3o para o restante de Atos: fazer algo contra Deus, se opor \u00e0 f\u00e9, significa… ir contra o significado da palavra \u00abIsrael\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

[1]<\/a> Voc\u00eas podem ler mais sobre este cap\u00edtulo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014Lucas 24\u2014 em meu livro sobre o Messias Oculto, As Though Hiding His Face. <\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson. Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (p. 582). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Deuteron\u00f4mio 34:9.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Lev\u00edtico 9:6.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Atos 13:8,9.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> G\u00eanesis 32:28.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Isa\u00edas 40:4.<\/p>\n

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Gostaria de lembr\u00e1-los,\u00a0<\/i>queridos amigos<\/i>,\u00a0<\/i>que oferecemos um curso maravilhoso, \u00abContexto Judaico do Novo Testamento\u00bb.\u00a0Como sempre, voc\u00eas podem entrar em contato comigo para obter mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es.\u00a0Al\u00e9m disso, se voc\u00eas gostam dos artigos deste blog, \u00a0tamb\u00e9m podem gostar dos meus livros, \u00a0podem obt\u00ea-los <\/i>aqui<\/u><\/a>.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As Li\u00e7\u00f5es do Cap\u00edtulo de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Meus queridos amigos, voc\u00eas provavelmente esperam que eu v\u00e1 para Atos 15, para o conc\u00edlio de Jerusal\u00e9m, e \u00e9 claro, estaremos l\u00e1 em breve.\u00a0No entanto, gostaria de dizer mais algumas palavras sobre o Cap\u00edtulo 13;\u00a0afinal, este \u00e9 um cap\u00edtulo crucial, o cap\u00edtulo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o, abrindo a segunda \u2014\u00abat\u00e9 os […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":44678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDe Jerusal\u00e9m a Roma: A Transi\u00e7\u00e3o - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As Li\u00e7\u00f5es do Cap\u00edtulo de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Meus queridos amigos, voc\u00eas provavelmente esperam que eu v\u00e1 para Atos 15, para o conc\u00edlio de Jerusal\u00e9m, e \u00e9 claro,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/de-jerusalem-a-roma-a-transicao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De Jerusal\u00e9m a Roma: A Transi\u00e7\u00e3o - 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