{"id":5373,"date":"2014-01-26T14:23:48","date_gmt":"2014-01-26T11:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iibsblogs.wpengine.com\/?p=5373"},"modified":"2025-08-13T11:34:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:34:08","slug":"qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem\/","title":{"rendered":"Qual \u00e9 o significado de \u201cPentateuco\u201d? \u1f49 \u03a0\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0391\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 (Judith Green, Hebrew University of Jerusalem)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Giovanni_di_Paolo_(Giovanni_di_Paolo_di_Grazia)_(Italian,_Udine_1487\u20131564_Rome)_-_The_Creation_of_the_World_and_the_Expulsion_from_Paradise_-_Google_Art_Project\"<\/a>\u0393\u0395\u039d\u0395\u03a3\u0399\u03a3 (G\u00eanesis)<\/strong> A palavra grega para \u201ccria\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d \u00e9 o nome dado ao primeiro livro da B\u00edblia Hebraica, cuja primeira palavra \u00e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, (bereshit), que significa \u201cNo come\u00e7o\u2026\u201d. Na verdade, os nomes tradicionais em Hebraico para os livros s\u00e3o simplesmente a primeira palavra inteira do texto, n\u00e3o um \u201ct\u00edtulo\u201d verdadeiramente. J\u00e1 a Septuaginta nos proporciona t\u00edtulos de verdade. A raiz \u0393\u0395\u039d- (gen-) \u00e9 a fonte das palavras gene, gerar, gen\u00e9rico, genealogia, gen\u00e9tica, etc. No entanto, as primeiras palavras em Grego de G\u00eanesis na LXX s\u00e3o \u0395\u039d \u0391\u03a1\u03a7\u0397 (en archee), \u201cno come\u00e7o\u201d, exatamente como no texto em Hebraico. Saber disso lhe d\u00e1 uma pista para o significado do pr\u00f3logo do Evangelho de Jo\u00e3o: \u201cNo come\u00e7o (\u0395\u039d \u0391\u03a1\u03a7\u0397) havia a Palavra e a palavra estava com Deus.\u201d Jo\u00e3o 1:1. Estaria Jo\u00e3o reinterpretando a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de G\u00eanesis, \u201cNo come\u00e7o Deus criou os c\u00e9us e a terra\u201d? Uma nova cria\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/p>\n

Na segunda parte analisaremos os nomes em Grego dos outros quatro livros do Pentateuco.<\/p>\n

\u00caxodo, \u0395\u039e\u039f\u0394\u039f\u03a3<\/strong><\/p>\n

O \u00caxodo, a \u201csa\u00edda\u201d dos israelitas do Egito. O prefixo \u0395\u039e- fora + \u039f\u0394\u039f\u03a3 caminho. O prefixo \u00e9 familiar em palavras como externo, ex\u00edlio, exibi\u00e7\u00e3o, exalar, etc. At\u00e9 mesmo \u039f\u0394\u039f\u03a3, a palavra para rua ou caminho, tem cognatos em Portugu\u00eas, como \u201chod\u00f4metro\u201d, que mede o caminho. A ilustra\u00e7\u00e3o retrata Miriam, a irm\u00e3 de Mois\u00e9s, liderando os israelitas atrav\u00e9s do Mar Vermelho com m\u00fasica e dan\u00e7a: Ex. 15:20, \u201cEnt\u00e3o Miriam, a profetisa, a irm\u00e3 de Ar\u00e3o, tomou o tamboril na sua m\u00e3o, e todas as mulheres sa\u00edram atr\u00e1s dela com tamboris e com dan\u00e7as.\u201d<\/p>\n

Em Hebraico, o livro \u00e9 chamado \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea, shemot, que significa \u201cnomes\u201d, de acordo com o princ\u00edpio mencionado na primeira parte, de chamar os livros de acordo com a primeira palavra: \u201cEstes pois s\u00e3o os nomes dos filhos de Israel, que entraram no Egito\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Lev\u00edtico, \u039b\u0395\u03a5\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u039f\u039d<\/b><\/p>\n

Relacionado com as responsabilidades dos Levitas<\/span>, membros da tribo de Levi, que administravam os rituais no Templo. O livro de Lev\u00edtico descreve as leis e rituais do templo com detalhes. Lev. 10:8-11: \u201cE falou o Senhor a Ar\u00e3o, dizendo: N\u00e3o bebereis vinho nem bebida forte, nem tu nem teus filhos contigo, quando entrardes na tenda da congrega\u00e7\u00e3o\u2026 E ensine aos filhos de Israel todos os estatutos que o Senhor lhes tem falado por meio de Mois\u00e9s.\u201d<\/p>\n

Em Hebraico, o livro \u00e9 chamado de \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0<\/span>, vayikr\u00e1<\/i>, \u201cE chamou<\/span> o Senhor a Mois\u00e9s\u2026\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00fameros, \u0391\u03a1\u0399\u0398\u039c\u039f\u0399, <\/b>arithmoi<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

A palavra Grega para n\u00famero \u00e9 \u0391\u03a1\u0399\u0398\u039c\u039f\u03a3, \u0391\u03a1\u0399\u0398\u039c\u039f\u0399, no plural. Deus diz para Mois\u00e9s, no deserto do Sinai, o n\u00famero<\/span> de pessoas que podem carregar armas \u2014 todos os homens “de vinte anos para cima,” e que designe pr\u00edncipes para cada tribo, seguido do n\u00famero exato de tribos e seus comandantes. Em Hebraico, \u00e9 chamado simplesmente de \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/span>, Bamidbar<\/i>, \u201cNo Deserto\u201d, onde Deus ordenou os n\u00fameros. O livro tem a contagem precisa, tribo por tribo, de homens aptos, com a soma total atingindo 603.560!<\/p>\n

Deuteron\u00f4mio<\/b>, \u0394\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u039d\u039f\u039c\u0399\u039f\u039d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0394\u0395\u03a5\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u03a3 = SEGUNDA, \u039d\u039f\u039c\u039f\u03a3 = LEI. A segunda lei? Na LXX, a palavra Hebraica Tor\u00e1<\/i> \u00e9 traduzida em Grego como nomos<\/i>, que significa costume ou tradi\u00e7\u00e3o ao inv\u00e9s de lei. No entanto, ela foi traduzida para o Latim como lex, <\/i>= lei, que \u00e9 um dos motivos pelos quais a Tor\u00e1 \u00e9 confundida por lei e legalidade.<\/p>\n

O quinto livro do Pentateuco se chama, em Hebraico, \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd <\/span>, Dvarim<\/i>, pela frase de abertura Eleh ha-devarim<\/i>, \u201cEstas s\u00e3o as palavras<\/span> que Mois\u00e9s falou a todo Israel al\u00e9m do Jord\u00e3o\u201d, Deut. 1:1. em Hebraico Rab\u00ednico tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 conhecido como Mishne<\/i> Tor\u00e1<\/i>, que significa uma repeti\u00e7\u00e3o, ou c\u00f3pia, da lei, assim como o t\u00edtulo na Septuaginta. O livro inclui, junto de novos fatos, uma repeti\u00e7\u00e3o ou reformula\u00e7\u00e3o de uma grande parte das leis encontradas no livro de \u00caxodo.<\/p>\n

Como mencionamos anteriormente, a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 sempre uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o. Considere o efeito de determinar t\u00edtulos significantes para identificar e separar os livros do Pentateuco, enquanto o pergaminho original n\u00e3o tinha t\u00edtulos \u2013 apenas um espa\u00e7o equivalente a 4 linhas entre cada um dos Cinco Livros de Mois\u00e9s. A leitura da Tor\u00e1 na sinagoga era dividida em 54 por\u00e7\u00f5es, uma para cada Shabat (ocasionalmente, 2 s\u00e3o combinadas). Isto n\u00e3o se reflete no texto da LXX.<\/p>\n

Qual \u00e9 o significado de \u201cPentateuco\u201d? \u1f49 \u03a0\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0391\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a7\u039f\u03a3<\/b><\/p>\n

Aprendemos que a palavra \u201cPentecostes\u201d \u00e9 Grego para o quinquag\u00e9simo (dia), o dia do festival judaica das semanas (Shavuot), cinquenta dias ap\u00f3s a P\u00e1scoa Judaica (Pessach). A palavra para \u201ccinco\u201d em Grego \u00e9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 (pente), como em pent-<\/span>\u00e1gono, que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 a primeira parte do t\u00edtulo Grego para os Cinco Livros de Mois\u00e9s, o \u201cPentateuco\u201d: penta- + teuchos, que \u00e9 um \u201cpergaminho\u201d, como voc\u00ea pode ver na imagem do antigo Pentateuco Samaritano. At\u00e9 os dias de hoje, os judeus sempre leem os Cinco Livros de Mois\u00e9s na sinagoga de um rolo de pergaminho escrito \u00e0 m\u00e3o com uma tinta especial por um escriv\u00e3o certificado.<\/p>\n

Mas por que usamos uma palavra em Grego para a B\u00edblia Hebraica? Acredita-se que a B\u00edblia Hebraica foi traduzida por setenta s\u00e1bios judeus do Hebraico para o Grego na Alexandria, no Egito, no princ\u00edpio do s\u00e9culo 3 d.C. A grande comunidade judaica falava Grego, junto dos habitantes gregos da cidade, e a maioria das pessoas tamb\u00e9m falavam Eg\u00edpcio dem\u00f3tico. Esta tradu\u00e7\u00e3o da B\u00edblia era lida em voz alta para o p\u00fablico na sinagoga, indicando que pelos menos alguns judeus da di\u00e1spora sabiam Grego melhor que Hebraico ou Aramaico! A vers\u00e3o Grega da B\u00edblia Hebraica \u00e9 chamada de \u201cSeptuaginta\u201d, o que complica ainda mais as coisas, j\u00e1 que \u00e9 a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o Latina da palavra Grega para 70; por isso voc\u00ea ver\u00e1 ela escrita comumente como apenas LXX = 70, que \u00e9 o n\u00famero de tradutores que trabalharam no projeto na corte do governante Helen\u00edstico do Egito, Ptolemeu Filadelfo.<\/p>\n

Quando os escritores do Novo Testamento citaram a B\u00edblia, eles geralmente citaram a vers\u00e3o Grega, uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o direta do Hebraico que, na \u00e9poca de Jesus, inclu\u00eda os Cinco Livros de Mois\u00e9s, Profetas, Salmos, Prov\u00e9rbios, etc., em diversas edi\u00e7\u00f5es e vers\u00f5es. Entrar em contato com o idioma da Septuaginta conectam voc\u00ea diretamente ao mundo Mediterr\u00e2neo Oriental que falava Grego, n\u00e3o apenas pelo idioma, mas tamb\u00e9m a teologia que deu origem a express\u00e3o do Novo Testamento. Na verdade, a Septuaginta n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o literal dos textos em Hebraico como conhecemos hoje, mas \u00e9 um registro hist\u00f3rico de textos antigos e alternativos em Hebraico que desapareceram; tamb\u00e9m, como j\u00e1 sabemos, toda tradu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Agora vamos repassar os nomes em Grego de cada um dos Cinco Livros, como foram traduzidos do Hebraico no s\u00e9culo 3 d.C.:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0393\u0395\u039d\u0395\u03a3\u0399\u03a3 (G\u00eanesis) A palavra grega para \u201ccria\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d \u00e9 o nome dado ao primeiro livro da B\u00edblia Hebraica, cuja primeira palavra \u00e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, (bereshit), que significa \u201cNo come\u00e7o\u2026\u201d. Na verdade, os nomes tradicionais em Hebraico para os livros s\u00e3o simplesmente a primeira palavra inteira do texto, n\u00e3o um \u201ct\u00edtulo\u201d verdadeiramente. J\u00e1 a Septuaginta nos proporciona t\u00edtulos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jewish-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQual \u00e9 o significado de \u201cPentateuco\u201d? \u1f49 \u03a0\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0391\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 (Judith Green, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0393\u0395\u039d\u0395\u03a3\u0399\u03a3 (G\u00eanesis) A palavra grega para \u201ccria\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d \u00e9 o nome dado ao primeiro livro da B\u00edblia Hebraica, cuja primeira palavra \u00e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, (bereshit), que\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qual \u00e9 o significado de \u201cPentateuco\u201d? \u1f49 \u03a0\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0391\u03a4\u0395\u03a5\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 (Judith Green, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) - Israel Institute of Biblical Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0393\u0395\u039d\u0395\u03a3\u0399\u03a3 (G\u00eanesis) A palavra grega para \u201ccria\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d \u00e9 o nome dado ao primeiro livro da B\u00edblia Hebraica, cuja primeira palavra \u00e9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, (bereshit), que\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Israel Institute of Biblical Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-01-26T11:23:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-13T11:34:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Giovanni_di_Paolo_Giovanni_di_Paolo_di_Grazia_Italian_Udine_1487\u20131564_Rome_-_The_Creation_of_the_World_and_the_Expulsion_from_Paradise_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"906\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/blog\/category\/jewish-studies\/qual-e-o-significado-de-pentateuco-judith-green-hebrew-university-jerusalem\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/israelbiblicalstudies.com\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/b308f3a9234ec1941c13bda300eb6797\"},\"headline\":\"Qual \u00e9 o significado de \u201cPentateuco\u201d? 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